Pile-shell.



Nit?

M. M. UPSON. PILE SHELL.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 4, 1909.

990,611 Y Patented Apr; 25, 1911.

{9: 4 E v f a 7 0 a g f X Inventor: MaxweZZMUpson:

UNITED STATES PATEN FFICE.

MAXWELL M.' UPSON, OF ENGLEWOOD, JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TCi'RAYMOND CON- CRETE PILE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY. I

FILE-SHELL.-

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 25, 1911.

Application filed September 4, 1909. Serial No. 516,259.

. 'To all whom it may concern:

v Be it known that I, lllAXWELL M. lrsox, a citizen of the l nited States of America. and a resident of Englewood, New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Pile-Shells, the principles of which are set. forth in the following specification and aceompairviup drawing. which disclose the form of the invention which I now consider to be the best of the various forms in which the principles of the invention may be embodied.

' This invention relates to improvements in the construction of molds or pile shells for i concrete piles. such shells being adapted for employment in the placing of piles in accordance with such methods as those disclosed in United States Letters Patent to Raymond, Nos. fiisthhifi and 806,838. whether or not the shell is left in the ground as a permanent part of the pile, and particularly .when the shell stands in-the ground prior to being tilled with concrete, as. for example, when the driving core of the first specified patent is withdrawn. or in case the outer pipe of the lastancnt'ionecl patent be withdrawn prior to filling the. inner shell with concrete. In brief, the'inven'tion is applicz ble to all cases of molding" coneretepiles in. sizu where a shell is used as a mold for the concrete. whether such mold-shell be temporary for purposes of molding, or permanent for use both as a mold or a permanent part of the concrete pile installation.

The object of the invention is a pile-shell constructedor arranged 'to withstand the strains to which it is subjected under the above specified unfilled, earth surrounded condition, all within the limits of practical economy; and the invention consists of such a shell constructed and arranged for such object. and in substance as illustrated by the disclosures herein of exemplification embodiments such as those shown in the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure 1 is a. vertical longitudinal section of my improved pile shell with a. withdrawexpansible and collapsible core of lfnited States Letters Patent 777,351; or the core need not be employed when the shell is equivalently grounded, as, for example, in the disclosure of the above-specified Patent Xo. 806.838.

The shell S. and the core when used and fitting; inside the shell. are preferably but not necessarily tapering, or frusto-conical, as shown, in order not only to facilitate. driving: but also to increase the load-carryinc capacity of the ultimate concrete pile. The shell or shell-sections may be withdrawn after the soft concrete has been placed in it, and preferably before the concrete sets: but the present practice isto leave it in the ground to serve as a permanent pile-covering, and, in an upper water stratum. as a cotter-dam. Generally, a rounded point or footing F is provided to close the bottom of the shell. as shown. this being preferably hollow and of thin material like the main shell-part. as shown, and in such case. and generally, constituting a permanent part of the concrete pile. I The shell is thin, being made of thin sheetmetal such as steel, or of paper, the material in any case being liable to collapse by'external n'essure on account of the thinness of the shell-wall and consequent small mass, adopted from considerations of economy, particularl when. as in the presentpractice, the shcll constitutes a permanent part of the pile. The shell usually consists of sections, preferably horizontal as shown, as in Patent No. 700,707. If desired. the shell may consist of a single part. or if sectional, the sections may be vertical, with vertical overlaps, a for 'the purpose of nioreready removal. section by section, after the introduction and before the setting of the concrete, in cases where the shell is not to be a permanent part of the pile. The shell. or a shell section. may be formed preliminarily from sheet material in any desired manner, such as by the winding machine of United States Letters Patent No. 848.394, or of 848,851. Theoverlapping vertical edges may be welded or riveted together. After the shell or its'sections are formed from the sheet, and completed in accordance with the invention,- and ready for use, the core, in expanded condition, is elevated by the pile-driver, and the shell-sections are successively drawn up over the ex anded core, as shown. Each section .;nay

thereby increase the necessary work. The

object of these hollow projections of the shell is to reinforcethe thin shell and increase its collapsing strength such that it shall have an ability to resist inward pres-' sure of exterior earth prior to concrete-filleing, to a degree, comparable with. thatof a much heavier and correspondingly expensive shell, such as the heavy-gage iron shell whichit has been necessary to use in many casesin the absence of said reinforcing pro-' j tions of this invention or their equivalents. Preferably the projections are hollow, as shown at 0, but that is not absolutelymecessary. The reinforcing effect of these ro' will be understood by those skilled jectiur in the art, and such persons w llreadily des gn them for special cases; and their dimenslons and the distance between them will be dependent upon the thickness and strength of the material constituting the thin .shcll,

and upon the character of the soilwith respect to the inward pressure on the'shell tending to collapse it. In practice the projection may be made a half inch deep radially of the shell, a half inch high across the base of theprojection, and two inches a art, 2'. e., in about the proportions shown, a though these wilLgvary greatly according 'to the varying cdiidjtion's of special cases. The projection may be made by the pressure oi? suitabledies upon the shell formed by winding as above, orupon ,the sheet before winding, in any suitable manner, as well known to those skilled in the art; and the precise -method of manufacture is immaterial, except such as is, inherently essential to forming ollow projections from sheet material. The wall of the integral projection is formed in the wall of the-shell, and almost invariably the thickness of the shellwall is uniform throughout. The result of simple stamping in a die is to form the hollow or groove 0 in one side of the projection, and this is the preferred and most Gilrutive as well as the simplest form. The shape of the projection as a whole is, however, immaterial, broadly speaking, provided only that it serves as a reinforcement. lVhile it is far preferable that the projection extend entirely around the shell, (whether in the form of plural projections or of a helix), yet that is not absolutely necessary. "It-is preferable that the projection should have some horizontal CllIQCtIOIIfaSl-II the case of a helix or spiral helix, or, as shown, in annular form, but that is not absolutely necessary. The

word annular is usedherein to include a helical or spirally helical arran ement.

Integral projections are not t e only rem- In some cases small stiifening rods, wires or rings R, of metal or other suitable material, are placed in position to be located preferably in the hollows of the projections, which then serve as retaininggrooves.

forcing means contemplated within the in- 'vention.

They may be.applied in any suitable way,

as, after the hollow projections have been formed, by bending a rod tothe lineal shape of the groove and then welding together the abutting ends of the rod in the groove.

When these rods or rings 'are applied in exterior grooves (of interior projections),

as shown, instead ofin interior grooves as permissible, they serve to prevent a collapsing of the interior projections by the res sure'of the driving-core during the driving In any "case, wherever located operation. with respect to the grooves, the. rods or rings act as additional reinforcements which are particularly usefulin cases of exceptionally thin shells or shells of very readily collapsible material. In an case, if desired, the rods or rings may e welded, riveted or otherwise secured to the shell, particularly when they are not arranged in the grooves and retained thereby. As to the horizontal or vertical direction of the' rings or rods and their disposition relative to thecircumference of the shell, the same ,is ,con-

templated as above specified of thehollow pro ections. 4

It will be clear from the above that when the core, collapsed, is withdrawn, but be-' fore the concrete is placed in the shell, this invention provides am Is reinforcement for.

the thin shell, either y the integral projections, or by such projections and the rods;

orrmgs, to prevent its collapseby the backpressure of the surrounding earth compressed by the driving operation. So far as I know, this is the first time thatthe object of the invention has been accomplished. i

It is preferred that the reinforcement be in by way of example, either integral with the-shell alone, or a combination OJ. integral means and means mechanicallyseparate from the shell; and that when integral it may consist of a special configuration ofthe shell itself, such as the hollow projections;

and that when non-integral means is employed in combination, it may consist of rings, rods, etc, which, although mechanically separate from the shell, may be riveted or welded to it.

I do not claim the nonintegral means in dependently ofthe integral means, as that is the invention of another for which a separate application is to be filed.

I claim:

1. The combination with a pile-shell of "thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of hollow interior projections formed in the wall of the shell and reinforcing the shell against inward collapsing pressure of external earth, an expansible driving-core for the shell, and means nonintegral with the shell and supported in the hollows of the projections, to reinforce the hollow projections against the outward pressure of the driving-core.

2. The combination with a tapered pileshell for. molding concrete piles, comprising vertically overlapping horizontal sections of thin collapsible material, of means reinforcing the overlapping portions of the sections against inward collapsing pressure of external earth. 1

3. The combination with a pileshell of thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of hollow interior projections formed in the wall of the shell and forming exterior retaining grooves, and stiffening rodsin the exterior grooves to reinforce the grooves and shell.

et. The combination with a pile-shell of thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of a retaining groove in the shell and a stiffening rod in the groove to reinforce the groove, andshell.

5. The combination with a pile-shell of thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of hollow, transverse, annular projections formed in the wall of the shell, the hollows of said projections forming retaming grooves, and stiffening rings retained in the grooves and reinforcing the grooves, and reinforcing the shell against inward collapsing pressure of external earth.

6. The combination with a tapered pileshell of thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of transverse, annular, interior projections formed in the wall of the shell and forming retaining groo es, and reinforcing rings supported by the shell in said grooves.

7. The combination with a pile-shell of thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of transverse annular projections formed in the wall of the shell and resisting inward collapsing pressure of surround ing earth.

8. The combination with a pile-shell of thin collapsible material for molding conforcing rings supported by the shell within the wall of the tapered shell.

11. The combination with a pile-shell of thin collapsible material for moldingconcrete piles, of a hollow projection formed in the wall of the shell and resisting inward collapsing pressure of externalearth.

12. The combination with a pile-shell of thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of a hollow projection formed in the wall of the shell and resisting inward collapsing pressure of external earth, and additional reinforcing means arranged in the hollow of said projection.

13. The combination with a pile-shell of thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of projections formed in the wall of the shell, and reinforcing members secured to the shell and arranged to resist inward pressure of surrounding earth tending to collapse the shell.

14. The combination with a pile-shell of thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of reinforcing members arranged to resist inward pressure of surrounding earth tending to collapse the shell.

thin collapsible material for molding concrete piles, of cooperating means respectively integral and non-integral with the shell, .for reinforcing it against inward col lapsing pressure of external earth.

1050; 15. The combination with a pile-shell of against inward collapsing pressure of exthin-collapsible material for molding con-.

crete pile, of reinforcing rings non-integral willl said shell. and means for maintaining the well of a section to resist inward pres sure of earth surrounrling the shell when" grounderl and tending to eollupse the thin material of theshell.

'21. The combination with s pile-shell comprising a plurality of overlapping sections' of eollspsibly thin material, of reinforcing means arranged along the w all of a i I v? I i a section to resistinward pressure of earth surrounding the shell when grounded and lending to collapse the thin material of the zllfill- 7 52. The combination. with e pile-shell s eeonii coxilprising a, plurality of tapering oven lap ing sections of collapsiblyihin materia, of reinforcing means arranged along the Wall. of a section to resist inward pres sure of earth surrounding the shell when grounded and tending to collapse the thin material of the shell.

23. .The'eombination with a pile-shell of collupsibly thin material for molding concrete piles in place in the ground, of a plurality of independent self-reinforcing rods successively arranged along the wall of the shell anfi reinforcing it, when grounded, egainst pressure of external earth.

MAXWELL M. UPSON. ,Wiizuesses: Invms A. FIsK,

PAUL DE Former (lien. 

